The Determinants of Digital Transformation in Public Institutions; A Systematic review

Abstract

This study seeks to systematically review the key determinants of digital transformation in public institutions, addressing the growing need for a comprehensive understanding of this complex and multidimensional phenomenon. Digital transformation has emerged as a strategic priority for governments worldwide, driven by increasing demands for efficiency, transparency, and citizen-centric service delivery. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using the PRISMA framework to ensure methodological rigor and transparency. A total of 20 peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2024 were selected from major academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. The selected studies were examined through thematic analysis to identify and classify the principal determinants influencing digital transformation. The findings indicate that digital transformation in public institutions is shaped by four primary dimensions: technological, organizational, environmental, and individual factors. Among these, technological, organizational, and environmental determinants are the most influential, whereas individual-level factors remain relatively underexplored. The analysis also underscores the growing importance of advanced technologies, particularly artificial intelligence, in accelerating transformation initiatives. Furthermore, the study highlights that successful digital transformation requires a holistic and integrated approach that aligns technological infrastructure with organizational readiness, supportive policy frameworks, and human capabilities. This research contributes to the existing literature by offering a comprehensive framework that synthesizes fragmented insights from prior studies. It also provides practical implications for policymakers and public sector leaders, emphasizing the need for balanced and coordinated strategies. Future research should focus on individual-level determinants and empirically validate the proposed framework across diverse institutional contexts.