Virtual Discharge Nursing in Pediatric Care: A Concept Analysis Using Walker and Avant’s Method

Abstract

Virtual discharge nursing is an emerging innovation in pediatric healthcare that addresses the risks of complications, caregiver uncertainty, and preventable hospital readmissions following discharge. Despite its increasing adoption, the concept remains insufficiently defined and is often confused with general telehealth follow-up. This study aims to clarify the concept of virtual discharge nursing in pediatric care by identifying its defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents. Walker and Avant’s eight-step concept analysis method was applied. Guided by Donabedian’s structure–process–outcome model, a systematic review of twenty-four empirical studies published between 2020 and 2025 was conducted, focusing on nurse-led digital interventions, structured follow-up, and caregiver support. The analysis identified five defining attributes: nurse-led protocol-driven care, technology-enabled communication, structured discharge education, early symptom monitoring, and caregiver-centered engagement. Antecedents included the presence of skilled pediatric nurses, reliable digital infrastructure, and integration into discharge protocols. Consequences included reduced thirty-day readmissions, improved caregiver satisfaction, and earlier detection of complications. By distinguishing virtual discharge nursing from broader telehealth practices, this study establishes conceptual clarity and offers a structured framework for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers to strengthen pediatric transitional care.